The geographical area called nigeria has a total land area of 983,2 km 2 with over 180 million people living in it. A semiarid geidamasagarmongonu plain, b dry subhumid gumelngurumaiduguri plain c dry subhumid knamodakanobauchi high plain, d dry subhumid illelasokotoyelwa plain e subhumid minnakadunakafanchan high plain, f subhumid. Borno state has an area of 69,436 sq km, lying roughly within latitude 110n and longitude 1. The jos plateau is one of the top areas in nigeria and its grassland slope zone are covered with forests.
Vegetation zones mapping template teaching resource. Data were collected from urban abuja city and periurban lugbe areas of the fct using both semistructured questionnaire and inventory of tree species. Nigeria is found in the tropics, where the climate is seasonally damp and very humid. It was formed in 1968 from kano province, and in 1991 its northeastern portion was split off to form jigawa state. However, this essential resource is in danger due to the effect of anthropogenic and climate induced impacts. Nigeria occupies a landmass of 923,768 km 2 and lies along latitudes 4 o 1 and o 9 n and longitudes 2 o 2 and 14 o 30 e. Bauchi state was created in 1976 from the north eastern state of nigeria with the population of about 4,653,066 after the creation of gombe state in 1996. We are taking a look at the four types of vegetation in africa, zones, and their features. Based on differences in morphology of the genital organs, different species can be distinguished.
Guineacongolian regional centre of endomism guineacongoliasudania regional transition zone sudanian regional centre of endomism. While it is to be hoped that legislation will soon be introduced to facilitate protection, a comprehensive survey has recently been carried out with a view to substantially increasing the number of conservation areas in nigeria, and to make them more fully representative of the different vegetation zones of nigeria. Crops grown include all cereals, legumes such as cowpeas and groundnuts, cotton, yam, cassava and potatoes livestock include cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and others. Tropical rainforest climate the amazon rainforest is the largest in the world. Display and use this teaching resource during geography lessons as a reference for students when identifying the location of different vegetation zones around the world. Tree species richness, diversity, and vegetation index for. Week 3 vegetation of nigeria vegetation is defined as an association two or group of plants growing together in a particular habit or environment.
The natural vegetative zones resulted from the interaction of climate, humidity, rainfall and soils. Montane vegetation in nigeria mountain and plateaus vegetation is not very developed due to the reason of low average temperatures and the significant impact of animals and man. Assessment of incentives for forest biodiversity conservation in rainforest and derived savannah vegetation zones of ekiti state, nigeria article pdf available january 2015 with 56 reads. The jos plateau is one of the highest points in nigeria. Vegetation is an assemblage of plant species and the ground cover they provide. Attention is drawn to the variation in environmental conditions indicated by certain elements of the flora. It also shares a border with the selfdeclared, but internationally unrecognized state of ambazonia in the southeast. Once, a significant part of the territory was covered with dense tropical rainforests. The forest vegetation zones are to be found at the south, while savannah vegetation is dominant in the north. The united states, for example, is usually divided into 10 vegetation zones. Department of biologocal sciences bot 421 nigerian. Hogna species 1 h1, living on both southern volcanoes cerro azul and sierra negra of isabela. Spatiotemporal assessment of vegetation resource dynamics.
In terms of vegetation structure, nigeria can be divided into nine vegetation zones siynabola et al. Mangrove swamp forest salt and fresh water swamp can be found in delta and coastal areas like port harcourt, warri, uyo and calabar. The montane zone is situated in highmountain areas. Reference soil ofthe southern guinea savanna of south western nigeria. Rain forest can be found benin, sapele, akure, ibadan, abeokuta, aba, etc.
The rainforest is the richest in biodiversity in nigeria. Considered one of the most ecologically sensitive regions in the world, the niger delta mangrove forest is situated within a deltaic depositional environment. As mentioned in the previous lesson, nigeria is a state of forests and savannas. Bauchi state is one of the states in northern part of nigeria that spans two distinctive vegetation zones, namely the sudan savannah and the sahel savannah. Regions with sparse vegetation and a low vegetation index are shown in tan. The northern part of adamawa state has the subsudan vegetation zone marked by short grasses interspersed with short trees, while in its southern part, the northern guinea savannah vegetation exists.
Types of vegetation in nigeria nigeria is located in western africa. Types of vegetation in nigeria and zones information. Best known vegetations in nigeria are 1 savanna and 2 forest. Africa east pdf africa ecological zones, forest cover and protected areas. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad and cameroon in the east, and niger in the north. Download free nigeria mapsfree map downloadsfree world country map downloads. Nigeria shares land borders with the republic of benin in the west, chad. The study evaluated the influence of vegetation characteristics. The mountain zone is located in nigeria s highmountain areas. The study has a spatial focus on the rainforest zone of nigeria. A poster to display in the classroom when locating the different vegetation zones of the world. Environment and vegetation on nigerias highlands springerlink. Conservation of natural vegetation in nigeria environmental. Based on the above, nigerias agroecological zones can be classified into.
This paper attempts an inventory of forest resources in nigeria, exposes the utility. Description of cropping systems, climate, and soils in nigeria by dr. The guinea savannah vegetation type is a byproduct of centuries of tree devastation by man and fire, and continuous attempts by the plants to adapt themselves to the climatic environment. Remote sensing and vegetation mapping different methods are used for collecting land use and land cover information which can be used for vegetation mapping depending on the degree of detail required for the specific project leak and venugopal, 1990. Africa natural vegetation 1986 260k and pdf format 234k africa population density 1979 232k and pdf format 235k. It is bounded by the atlantic ocean to the south and by. Vegetation resources in nigeria are of vital importance for the sustainable development of the country. Map of the worlds vegetation zones teaching resource. The vegetation in nigeria can be grouped into three major zones.
The vegetation in that area is not properly developed because of low temperatures. The natural vegetative zones that exist in the country are governed by the combined effects of temperature, humidity, rainfall and particularly, the variations that occur in the rainfall. Vegetation zones divide land according to temperature and precipitation. This zone is the largest vegetation zone in nigeria. These are 1 forest zone or vegetation 2 savanna zone or vegetation 3 montane vegetation 1 the forest zone.
Note that maps may not appear on the webpage in their full size and resolution. Kano consists of wooded savanna in the south and scrub vegetation in the north and is drained by the kano. It is a common word that had no basic reference to a significant geographical or botanical source, structure, spatial extent and life forms of any other dignified family and attributes. A first group of ecologically and morphologically similar morphospecies occur at higher altitudes on the islands in the pampa vegetation zone and are hereafter referred to as high elevation species. Evaluation of vegetation types and utilization in wildlife park of the university of agriculture makurdi, nigeria tyowua b. Vegetation is the species of plant coupled with the provided land cover.
The environments of nigerias four major highlands are described. Vegetation zones in nigeria and their features updated. Vegetation zones in nigeria the major vegetation zones are. Constant cutting and burning out of crop plots led to a drastic reduction in the area of forests that now occupy about onethird of the territory. Nigerian vegetation pdf forest is vegetation that is dominated by tall, mostly evergreen trees and there is hardly. Pdf the natural vegetation zones in west africa gulf of guinea to the mediterranean are described as they were before man, but under. This worksheet has been designed to introduce students to the locations of. This study investigated the spatial and temporal pattern in the sensitivity of vegetation to rainfall in nigeria between 1980 and 2009. Subcommittee vegetation classification standard fgdcstd 005, june 1997 pdf. These mangrove forests serve a critical role in regional ecological and landscape composition, and support subsistence gathering practices, and marketbased.
Ikechukwu okpoko institute of african studies, university of nigeria abstract this paper describes the various relief, drainage and land use systems and vegetation types present in nigeria to highlight possible contributions of ecological factors in the evolution of urbanism in nigeria. Sensitivity of vegetation to annual rainfall variations. The country is covered by three major types of vegetation which include forests, savannahs and montane land. A 1 page worksheet for students to use when learning about different vegetation zones around the world.
Influence of vegetation characteristics on nutrient loss in the. Impact of grazing on soil in the southern guinea savanna zone of nigeria. Nigeria has extensive mangrove forests in the coastal region of the niger delta. Most gardeners look at a map of vegetation zones before planting any flowers, trees, or vegetables. Vegetation zones, also called hardiness zones, are smaller, moredetailed vegetation regions. Mangrove forest and coastal vegetation ecological zone. Forest is vegetation that is dominated by tall, mostly evergreen trees and.
In nigeria only the sahel zone has this type of vegetation eg north. A 3 1department of wildlife and range management, university of agriculture, makurdi. This forms a major influence on the type of indigenous plants that grows successfully in different parts continue reading. Nigerian vegetation pdf nigerian vegetation pdf download. The forest zone or vegetation contains mainly trees. In the 19811999 series, the highest and lowest ndvi are 0. These factors have been modified by human activities and mans pattern of land use. This has become very necessary as several aspirants of the 20202021 waec examination have been trooping into our website for waec guide and asking us several other questions concerning the syllabus for waec geography to help them prepare.
James bwala reports the activities of borno state government targeted at scaling down desert encroachment. The study area is located in the southern part of nigeria between latitudes 40 30 n and 70 30 n. Pdf the natural vegetation regions of west africa researchgate. T abuja falls within the guinea savanna vegetation zone of nigeria. To save the maps to your computer, rightclick on the link. Rainfall data collected from 23 observation points were analysed and spatially correlated with monthly normalized difference vegetation index ndvi values for the same period to estimate the responsiveness of. Out of these, five are forest formations and four are savanna formations figure 1. It is bordered by the states of jigawa to the north and east, bauchi to the southeast, kaduna to the southwest, and katsina to the northwest. Nigeria political 1993 265kand pdf format 273k nigeria shaded relief 1993 339kand pdf format 348k. Eucalyptusconifers pines, cedar, cypress, fir natural vegetation. The physiognomy and altitudinal zonations of the highland vegetation are discussed. Carbon flow pattern in the forest zones of nigeria as. A savanna climate, with marked wet and dry seasons, prevails in the north and west, while a steppe climate with little precipitation is found in the far north.
Research article evaluation of vegetation types and. Its coast lies on the gulf of guinea in the south and it borders lake chad to the northeast. Woody vegetation composition and diversity in woodlands inside and outside a forest reserve in jos, nigeria. Impact of grazing on soil in the southern guinea savanna zone of. This is grassland zone but the slopes are covered by. It is hot and wet most of the year in the southeast but dry in the southwest and farther inland. Vegetation zone article about vegetation zone by the.
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